Abstract
This study evaluates how contributing factors to rural-road crash severity changed during strict and post-strict COVID-19 lockdowns relative to the pre-pandemic period in Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Crash records were integrated with weather, traffic, road-geometry, temporal, crash-type, and driver-behaviour variables and examined using classification and regression trees. Pre-pandemic and post-strict-lockdown periods show broadly similar severity patterns, while fatal crashes are more prevalent during strict lockdown. Traffic volume, driver awareness, and cloudy weather emerge among the relevant factors. Higher traffic volumes increase crash frequency but are also associated with lower speeds and reduced crash severity.
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